Home advantage plays an important role in the outcome of professional SOCCER games, but its causes are not still completely understood. The aim of this investigation was to study the home advantage within IRANIAN premier SOCCER LEAGUE. For this purpose, data of nineteen SOCCER teams participated in IRANIAN premier LEAGUE during six seasons (1999-2007) was collected. The criterion of team participation in this investigation was at least two years participation in IRANIAN premier LEAGUE. Finding showed that home advantage in IRANIAN premier LEAGUE was %61 and this figure was similar to the English (%61) and Turkish (%61.5) premier LEAGUE. The findings also revealed that home advantage was influenced by factors such as distance and weather conditions. In addition, there were no significant correlations among goals scored by home teams, crowd size and home advantage. Finally these findings suggest that factors such as distance or travel effect and weather conditions are considered as an advantage for home teams and challenging factor for away teams in IRANIAN premier SOCCER LEAGUE.

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the performance of IRANIAN proLEAGUE SOCCER teams, comparing the sports results that they actually obtain with those, that should have obtained on the basis of their potential, and to propose a future course of action.In order to assess the potential of each team in the IRANIAN professional SOCCER LEAGUE in 2009-2010-season an out put- oriented version of Data envelopment Analysis is used. In this way, it is possible to calculate the number of points a team could have achieved with an efficient use of its actual resources and consequently, its potential position in the LEAGUE classification.Results revealed that between 18 team, only the table actual and potential of two teams (Sepahan, Estil azin) is coincide. However the LEAGUE champi (Sepahan) is the team with the highest efficiency and potential.Moreover, there are the teams that potentially could have achieved a better final position instead actual position such as Perspolis (1 instead 4), Fulad khozestan (3 instead 10), Esteghlal ahvaz (10 instead 18) and Abomoslem (15 instead 17), but due to inefficient use of their resources could not achieved proper result that lead two last teams to the relegation to lower division.Conclusions: first, in order to judge a teams performance throughout a season, we would recommend taking into account not just the actual final position achieved (top or bottom teams), but also the position that the team potentially should have achieved. Second, it seems that a teams final LEAGUE positiondepends more its efficient use of resources than on it potential, since team that should have been relegated according to their resource instead remained in the first division, and vice versa.The results of this research have demonstrated importance of an efficient use of resources to obtain great sports results. So, one possible future line of research would involve providing mechanism allowing teams to improve their efficiency.

The sports industry has the potential to earn a very high income in sports events, especially in the field of professional LEAGUEs. So addressing this subject is one of the issues that are essential for the sports industry of our country. The present study was based on the nine components of the Osterwalder’ s Business Canvas, which seeks to interpret the views and perceptions of experts of the SOCCER Premier LEAGUE as one of the main businesses of the Iran sports industry. The research was conducted using a qualitative approach using library studies and interviews. To select the sample, the snowball sampling technic was used to get theoretical saturation principle (n = 20). Data from the library studies were analyzed using the phenomenological analysis method with the use of MAXQDA software. The findings of the research, based on the experts' opinion, present strategic measures in the framework of the four-factor practical model, including the elimination, creation, reduction and increase indicators, which can be considered as a Blue ocean strategy by the officials and decision makers of the country's sports and SOCCER industry.

The study is to identify the anomalies factors in IRANIAN SOCCER stadiums. It was an applied study in terms of purpose and in terms of collecting data, was using mixed method (quantitative and content analysis of qualitative method). The statistical population in qualitative section included 17 experts in fans and abnormal behaviors in SOCCER (sport managers, faculty members, dean of fans club, fans and media men) that were selected by snowball sampling. Fussy Delphi Method (FDM) extracted 45 items, distributed among 30 fans at Azadi stadium. The reliability coefficient of the initial questionnaire was 0/783. Regarding the Cochran formula for unlimited population, 250 questionnaires in Ahwaz Ghadir, Rasht Azodi, Tehran Azadi, Jam Takhty and Tabriz Imam accounted for inflammatory stadiums in the sixth week of the IRANIAN SOCCER Premier LEAGUE, which ultimately 221 questionnaires were used. Finally, the data analyzed by SPSS v. 22 and LISREL v. 8. 8 soft wares. The results showed the most important factors are: the ultras (0/67), the conditions of the stadiums (0/60), cultural conditions (0/44), security conditions (0/37) and management status (0/20), according to the coefficients of influence. In sum, it seems the ultras as the most provoking factor of fans chaos needs to educate well to manage the stadium platforms. Beside it is necessary to employ qualified persons for these positions.

This article attempts to examine factors influencing students' fanatic support for the IRANIAN football LEAGUE. Aided by a questionnaire, this survey research was conducted on a sample with a volume of 232 students enrolled at Yazd University. The students were selected via random systematic sampling and cross-sectional methods. The Cronbach's alpha was obtained to be at 0.825. Results indicate the existence of a significant relationship between role model and fanatic support for SOCCER teams. Moreover, between the amount of mass media consumption and fanatic support for the SOCCER teams, a significant relationship was found. Nonetheless, no indication of a relationship was seen between socio-economic status and the act of fanatic support. Nor was there any relationship between the majoring area of the students and fanatic support for the SOCCER teams. In addition, in our study we found out that fanatic support for the teams was gender sensitive in that it differed according to the students' gender.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of coaching behaviors on team cohesion and performance of IRANIAN Women’ s Football LEAGUE players in 1394-1395 (Persian calendar). The research method is descriptive correlational and data collection method is a field method. Statistical population with statistical sample included 176 SOCCER players in the form of 8 teams. To collect data, Martin & Barnes Coaching Behavior Questionnaire (1999) and Carron et al. Team Cohesion Questionnaire (1985) were used. To measuring performance of women’ s football teams, their rank in the table was used as criterion. Instruments reliability was obtained using Cronbach's alpha test (coaching behavior: 0. 75, cohesion: 0. 83). Research tool validity was confirmed using expert ideas and confirmatory factor analysis in AMOS software. Descriptive statistics (Central tendency, dispersion) and inferential statistics (Structural Equation Modeling-AMOS software) were used for data analysis. The results showed that positive reactive coaching behaviors had significant effect on coherence and team performance; normal coaching behavior had a significant effect on cohesion and no significant effect on team performance and negative reactive coaching behavior had positive significant effect on the team performance and negative significant impact on cohesion. Overall, it is recommended that authorities of the clubs and teams use communicative model of coaching behavior on team cohesion and performance. . .

Objective: Professionalism in sport is one of the most important and most functional sports marketing concepts and is one of the basic concepts in spurts’ development countries. Therefore, the aim of this study to develop a model for assessing the existing problems in the field of professionalism in the premier SOCCER LEAGUE of Iran. Methodology: The study population included all participants in the Fifth National Congress of Sport Management with the economic approach; the sample based on Morgan table was 201 people. The research method was descriptive-correlational. The data collection tool was questionnaire-construct; its validity was tested by confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha was calculated on the basis of its reliability 0/93 and to measure the current problems of structural equation was used. Results: The results showed that the measurement model study is a good fit and problems in this area include economic, informational and public relations, management and leadership, legislative, legal, and political support, and facilities and equipment. Conclusion: Football federation and club managers could resolve the existing problems with long-term planning and provide professionalism growth in the SOCCER LEAGUE of Iran.

Objective: the aim of this study was to Evaluate the relationship marketing tactics of IRANIAN SOCCER LEAGUE Methodology: according to the purpose, Adjusted relationship marketing components scale developed by Ehsani and Ezadi (2011), provided to 366 members of the supporters club Esteghlal Tehran that according to The sample size formula and Who were randomly selected. The questionnaire was based on the norms set for a Likert scale of 5 points to making it slightly used. Validity and reliability of the instrument by experts in the pilot study with the Alpha 0/92 respectively. For data analysis also oneway-anova variance, one sample t-test and Spearman and pearson Correlation significant 0/05 by spss20, systat13 and lisrel8. 50was used. Results: Results indicate that; between Subscales Knowledge Management, Quality of Service, Satisfaction, trust, commitment, quantity consumed, Interpreting advertisement and finally pursuit of media according to the membership of the Association was significant difference(p<0/05) and also between subscales of relationship marketing tactics according to annual watching matches Except satisfaction and trust was no significant difference(p<0/05). Conclusion: In general the results indicate the status of the Marketing tactics, points of strength and weakness in this regard and so presenting suitable strategies and operational, on The identification of the IRANIAN Football LEAGUE clubs Especially Esteghlal Tehran and their supporters in the development of effective advocacy.

The main purpose of this study was to examine SOCCER injuries in Iran premier LEAGUE during one competitive season in 1385-1386 using video analysis system. Videotapes for 123 out of 240 matches of this tournament were selected and analyzed by one of the researchers. Time of injury, zone of pitch, mechanism, type of contact, anatomical location, match outcome at the time of injury and referees decision in the injury scene were registered in special forms. 306 injures were recorded for the 125 matches of this LEAGUE: an overall injury rate of 66.8 per 1000 match hours or 2.44 injuries per match. Most injuries occurred in the last 15 minutes of the second half (21.9%). more injuries occurred in the second half (N=167) than the first half (N=130). There was a significant difference (P=0.001) between the number of injuries and the zone of pitch. Most injuries occurred in the goal area. Most injuries resulted from tackling duels. Most injury mechanisms were classified as being contact (86.3%). Results showed that most frequently affected organs were the lower legs (18%) and ankle (17.6%). This study showed that Iran SOCCER players were exposed to a high risk of injury and there was a need to investigate ways of reducing this risk. Therefore, information such as time elapse of the game, zone of the pitch, injury mechanism and anatomical location of injuries are necessary to design prophylactics programs.